What Type of Smoke Detector in an Unfinished Attic?

Building Codes

• Building codes vary from state to state, and it is essential to consult them prior to selecting any type of smoke detector for an attic, finished or unfinished. If these rules and regulations aren’t followed closely, costly fines may result. It is also important to note that some states have requirements that differ, depending on if the home is older or new construction. One example of how rules might vary is the location of smoke detectors within a home; some states require smoke detectors in every room of the home while others only require them in certain areas or areas that are meant to be inhabited; bedrooms, living rooms and the kitchen. In this case, areas that are unfinished may not be included. Building codes are available on a state-by-state basis from several online sources or from the same office that dispenses construction permits.

Ionization Detectors

• Ionization smoke detectors utilize an ionization chamber and ionizing radiation to detect the presence of smoke. This is the most widely used option in a home because it is highly effective and inexpensive. These detectors require a significantly smaller amount of smoke to trigger a response, which gives more time to react in the event of a fire. Ionization detectors work well in a space that is uninhabited, including an unfinished attic. This type will provide plenty of warning at the first sign of smoke, an important factor for when the sight or smell might initially go unnoticed. These models excel in areas full of combustible materials and will detect rapidly spreading fires faster, particularly those where lots of flame but little smoke is present. This sensitivity to smoke means a bigger risk of their being set off by something as simple as food burning on the stove.

Photoelectric Detectors

• Photoelectric smoke detectors use a beam of light to detect the presence of smoke. Smoke reduces the amount of light that comes into contact with the photocell and triggers the alarm. This style is most effective against smoldering fires, which present with lots of smoke but little flame initially. Since unfinished attics are more likely to contain flammable materials, not those that tend to smolder, such as fabrics and other dense material, the photoelectric style is usually not the most effective choice.

Preferences

• Both ionization and photoelectric detectors are effective at detecting smoke and, ultimately, the presence of fire, and are both certified by UL, an independent laboratory that tests products for consumer safety. Though the two styles have attributes that are ideal for an unfinished attic, the ionization method will respond more quickly to less smoke, a key factor in getting residents to safety. Additionally, ionization detectors are less expensive but require regular battery changing, not necessary for photoelectric models. Ionization detectors will beep as the battery begins to die, indicating the need for a replacement. A good rule of thumb, no matter which style is selected, is to install at least one alarm on each floor, including an unfinished attic, to cover all bases. For added safety, install one outside each bedroom if the doors are closed at night.