What Are the Different Kinds of Alarm Systems?

Hardwired Systems

• Homeowners have hardwired home security systems installed in homes during construction or renovation. Contractors run wires through walls and under floors to sensitive locations -- such as garages, front and back doors and ground-floor windows -- that connect to sensors that detect intrusion. As a result, the number of locations a hardwired system can cover is limited by the physical wiring. When the sensors are tripped, the signal travels to a central control panel, alerting the homeowner to the location of possible trouble. Hardwired systems can be expensive to install but are less susceptible to hacking and other dangers than wireless systems.

Wireless Alarms

• Wireless alarms connect a central control hub to sensors via infrared or radio waves instead of fixed wires, allowing users freedom in choosing locations to install those sensors. Additionally, exterior alarm features like security cameras, motion sensors, and door alarms use wireless technology to both detect possible danger and report it to the central control. While wireless alarms account for more than half of all security systems purchased, they can be susceptible to hacking in the same manner as wireless internet systems.

Monitored Systems

• Monitored alarm systems can be either wireless or hardwired. In addition to alerting homeowners to potential threats, these systems automatically contact security representatives at remote call centers who can arrange for emergency response. Companies generally sell packages including a physical alarm system and a subscription to their remote monitoring service. Comprehensive packages often offer security camera monitoring, emergency response options and software that allows users to manage home security from a cell phone or laptop.

Emergency Alarms

• Emergency alarms primarily alert the homeowner or emergency services personnel to fires, carbon monoxide leaks or medical crises. These work by detecting smoke, heat or gas and delivering an audible alarm; some more sophisticated systems, like those at schools or apartment buildings, automatically notify fire and rescue services of the potential danger so response can begin immediately. In the case of medical crises, many products exist that alert individuals to problems like low blood sugar; the user in turn can press a button that connects him or her instantly to a call center that can arrange for help.