A traditional sauna is typically constructed of cedar wood or another durable softwood and features a conventional heat source that is usually heating rocks. The heat source heats the air to between 185 to 195 degrees Fahrenheit and provides a high-heat, low-humidity environment. An advantage of a typical sauna is that you can pour water over the heater rocks, producing a wave of heat throughout the sauna.
Infrared saunas are similar to traditional saunas but provide a milder experience. In a traditional sauna you are heated directly by the hot air being generated inside the structure, whereas in an infrared sauna your body is heated as a result of the heat lamps; in other words, the heat source is directed at you and not the air. Many people who find a traditional sauna too intense will enjoy the milder atmosphere of an infrared sauna. Because of the lower heat, infrared saunas can be built out of harder woods.
Ceramic infrared emitters are industrial strength, with the heating filament cast into a ceramic housing. Ceramic emitters must be placed at least 3 to 4 feet away from you as the surface of these emitters can reach temperatures of up to 750 degrees Fahrenheit. Ceramic emitters are common in larger size saunas but can cause serious burns if touched.
Carbon emitters are carbon-based Infrared bulbs that are much larger than their ceramic counterparts. The surface of carbon emitters are much cooler than ceramic and do not present a burning hazard. Carbon emitters are generally preferable in smaller saunas since they heat an area evenly.