Attach a small chain to an eye screw, and drill the screw into one side of the wall. Place a hook into the opposite wall or structure that sits opposite the wall, such as a banister. Attach the chain to the hook to block the stairs. This likely will work only for pets that are afraid to or cannot jump the chain.
Block the stairs with a gate. This method works well for preventing small children and animals from accessing the stairs. Use a fixed gate, a retractable and flexible gate, or build your own gate. The simplest way of building a gate is by using a piece of plywood and hinges, and attaching it to one side of the wall, then installing a latch on the opposite wall.
Move a piece of furniture in front of the stairs. This is only a temporary solution, such as when you’re expecting company with a small child. Use furniture that’s easy for an adult to move, such as a chair or a toy box.