Wash off the wood with a liquid cleaner to remove as much dirt as possible. Place a few drops of dish soap into a bucket and fill with warm water. Soap off the wood containing the primer. Dry with a towel.
Scrape up as much of the primer with a paint scraper as you can. Move the scraper along the grain of the wood as you work.
Attach a piece of coarse-grit (between 40 and 60) sandpaper to a sanding block. Fold the paper in place over the face of the block and clamp into place with the handle. You can also use a power sander, if you have one available, to make the job faster.
Sand in the direction of the grain in the wood. Start at one end of the wood and work your way down, always sanding in the direction of the grain. Continue sanding in one spot on the wood until the primer has been sanded away before moving on.
Remove primer from wood floors by renting or purchasing a floor sander. These have large, circular discs on the bottom that make removing primer from wooden floors much easier.
Clean up any debris with a shop vacuum.