Open the window and remove the screen to allow full access to the window from the inside of your house.
Measure the flanges -- the metal pieces that stick out from the wall -- to determine which row of flanges sticks out further from the window frame. For example, there are normally three flanges: one on the inside edge of the window, one in the channel and one on the outside edge of the window. Use a tape measure to see which flange is widest.
Measure the window width between the widest set of flanges. Start measuring the distance between the left and right flange at the bottom of the window, re-measure the in the middle of the window and again the near top of the window. Since many windows aren't plumb, comparing the window width at the top, middle and bottom ensures you'll get the most accurate measurement. Use the smallest measurement for the width of your new window.
Measure the height of the window from the top to the bottom of the metal piece of the window, starting at the left. Re-measure the height in the middle of the window, and again on the right. Use the smallest measurement for the height of your new window.
Deduct 1/4 inch from both the width and height to determine your new window size.