Weatherstripping can be applied to a window to help prevent interior leaks. Use foam strips to seal off the spaces between the window frame and the window. This has the added benefit of blocking any drafts from the seams. In addition, window film can be installed around the glass to create a better seal and lock out drafts and excess water. If the window is improperly caulked, however, weatherstripping will simply lock the water between the window and the rest of the home, which may lead to more water damage.
The exterior and interior of the window frame needs to be caulked properly. If it's been years since caulking was done and the caulk has crumbled away, the old caulk will need to be removed first. Removing old caulk offers a permanent solution for keeping ice from melting inside the home.
Frost that gets between double-hung windows becomes a problem when it melts. Using plastic to seal off both sides of the window reduces the risk of frost developing. Sponging down the window pane with rubbing alcohol can work, but this is only a temporary fix that doesn't address the problem of condensation and potential leaks. In addition, it typically lasts for only a few hours, leaving plenty of time for frost to develop overnight.
If you notice damaged wood on your windowsills from previous seasons or uneven surfaces from rotting or cracked wood, moisture is likely entering the sills. You may need to replace the sill or even the entire window frame. If the damage is only on the surface, you may be able to sand it off but still be left with an uneven surface that could leak.