Knock out the rest of the damaged glass by knocking it into a bucket. Wear thick gloves when doing this to protect your hands. If any glass remains in the frame, pull it out with pliers.
Remove the glazing from around the perimeter of the frame. Newer windows employ glazing strips, which can be pried away from the frame. For an older door, heat the glazing with a heat gun to soften it, then scrape it away with a putty knife.
Measure the inside edges of the frame and have a new pane cut by a glazier.
Slide the new pane of glass into the framing. Place glazier's points into the framing every 10 inches around the pane on both sides. These are small metal points used to hold the glass inside the frame.
Apply a bead of window glazing over the joint where the glass meets the framing. The glazing is applied the same way you would apply caulk, by placing the tip of the tube onto the glass, and slowly squeezing the trigger as you pull the tube across the edges of the glass. Apply the window glazing to both sides of the glass.
Smooth the surface of the glazing with a putty knife. Wipe off any of the glazing that gets onto the glass, and allow the glazing to set for the time specified on the packaging.
Paint over the glazing to conceal it.