Scrape the concrete block free of any flaking paint or loose mortar.
Pressure wash the concrete block to wash away any salts on the exterior. Alternately, the block wall can be washed with muriatic acid which neutralizes the alkaline salt.
Paint the concrete blocks with a masonry primer. This paint seals the concrete preventing the salts from forming on the surface and provides a surface for the finish paint. Use a paint roller with a 1/2-inch nap. Allow the primer to dry for at least 8 hours before applying any finish paint coats.
Apply the finish coat of paint to the concrete blocks. Roll the finish paint with a 1/2-inch nap roller.