The condition of shingles, the uppermost layer of a roof, is indicative of whether roofing trouble is imminent. Shingles that are curled, dry and cracked, have lost granules or are missing are at the end of their functional life and need to be replaced. Dark spots or the presence of algae or moss on the roof are also signs that a roof needs replacement.
A roof that is uneven or buckling means decking is warped, caused by years of improper attic ventilation. Severely sagging roofs require total decking replacement. Peeling of exterior paint also points to the same cause. Damaged or poorly installed flashing, particularly around chimneys, can cause interior leaks in isolated areas.
Mold in the attic, discoloration or ceiling spots and peeling interior paint are all signs that roof underlayment has outlived its useful life. Worn underlayment causes saturation of roofing materials, thereby allowing leaks into a residence.