Climb up the ladder and examine the roof for holes. Birds and insects can squeeze into very small spaces, so stick a marker flag in small holes to avoid missing them as you patch.
Cut a piece of fine metal mesh slightly larger than the hole, and add an inch on each side for extra coverage. Trimming the metal patch slightly bigger than the hole allows for plenty of room to properly secure the patch to the hole.
Lay the patch directly over the hole, and staple it down. Affix staples at 1/2-inch intervals around the perimeter of the hole to keep bugs and birds from prying up the edge of the patch and squeezing into the hole.
Tape the edge of the patch to the roof with self-fusing silicone tape. Press down firmly as you apply the tape to create a tight seal between mesh and roof. Silicone tape is durable and waterproof, and will keep out even the most persistent birds and insects.