Brace your ladder against the roof carefully and climb up to the peak.
Place the 12-inch marking of the carpenter's square next to the peak so it measures out horizontally, with the other leg extending down to meet the slope of the roof.
Note the measurement where the square meets the roof slope.
Express this number as a ratio of 12. For example, if the slope of the roof is three inches below the peak at 12 inches, the pitch is 3:12.
Convert this pitch to an angle measurement by entering "sin^-1(0.25)" into your scientific calculator.