Basic Well Plumbing and Pressure Tank Maintenance

Pump

• A well pump is the primary mechanism that propels water from a well to a home’s plumbing system. Its motor cycles on and off to meet water demands, and it should not run continuously. Jet pumps pull water through a pressurized tube from above the water level, and submersible pumps push water from below the water level. Regardless of type, routine pump inspections by a qualified plumber are recommended, according to the Partridge Well Drilling Company. Improper maintenance can shorten the life of a well pump and create electrical shock hazards.

Pressure Tank

• A well’s pressure tank, or bladder, contains air that exerts pressure to help move water upward. Over time, the air becomes displaced by water and the pressure drops. This is observed in the home by reduced water flow from faucets. In its efforts to compensate for reduced water pressure, the well pump cycles on and off more frequently. Restoring pressure in the tank requires it to be drained of water, blown with compressed air, and adjusted to the proper water-air ratio.

Pipes

• According to Richard Trethewey of “This Old House,” supply pipes can become clogged with debris and rust. He suggests removing faucet aerator filters, which are screens on the ends of faucets, and examining them for sediment. This is an indication that well pipes need cleaning. Colorado State Extension recommends cleaning well pipes once a year to remove bacterial slime accumulation by flushing the system with a bleach solution. If pipes are not maintained, they can become clogged and impair pump motor function.

Caps and Casings

• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises homeowners to inspect well caps, or covers, and well casings, or housings. Over time, and by exposure to the elements or machinery, caps, cap seals and casings can deteriorate and compromise the safety of well water. Bacteria and other contaminants are allowed entry when caps and casings are cracked or missing. Routine maintenance includes replacing cracked or broken components and ensuring the top of the well is at least 12 inches above ground.