The Symptoms of a Well Water Pump Malfunction

Water Pressure Loss

• A common sign of pump malfunction is a loss of water pressure. The pressure may seem normal at first but eventually dwindles. This indicates a worn and failing motor. If the pressure varies or is intermittent -- for example, if the faucet runs at normal pressure, then slows down -- the pump is most likely overheating. After the pump has cooled, the pressure usually returns to normal until the pump overheats and pressure drops again. This indicates a failing motor, and the pump should be replaced.

Diminished Water Yield

• Diminished, or low-yielding water problems are different than water pressure loss. Low pressure produces plenty of water but at a slow or reduced flow. Low-yielding water is insufficient water production. The production may decrease over time, unable to meet peak water demands such as filling the washing machine or running the dishwasher. Low-yield can be caused by insufficient aquifer levels or leaks in a well. If the symptom develops slowly and aquifer levels remain constant, low-yield is likely caused by erosion of the pump bowls or holes in the pump's rise pipes.

Constant Cycling

• A pump that is constantly cycling on and off is more difficult to diagnose. A leak in the well system may cause water levels to fluctuate, causing the pump to switch on more often. Well water levels may fluctuate during a time of excessive rainfall after a time of little rainfall. If the water levels are adequate and constant, a pump that constantly cycles on and off with reduced water production likely has a malfunctioning pump impeller.

Bad Water

• Malodorous, cloudy water or water that tastes dirty or sour is a symptom of a malfunctioning pump, an undersized pump or a pump that is overpumping the well. A pump that is not properly circulating water allows water to become stagnant or dirty. Bacteria breed in the stagnant water and sediment fills the water and the pump, producing a distasteful odor in the water. A frequently cycling pump can drain the well, causing underground gases or sediment to dissolve in the water and cause early failure of the pump.