How to Test Reinforced Concrete

Testing reinforced concrete is an effective way for engineers to determine whether any contamination is evident in a concrete structure -- large or small. This also indicates the electrochemical state within the structure. The testing allows repairs to be made to the concrete before visible erosion detracts or causes safety issues from the structure. Non-destructive testing is best since it only measures a sampling of the concrete, thus causing little or no damage. One method of non-destructive testing is to look for carbonation, when carbon dioxide from the air enters the concrete and reacts with calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate. Carbonation is associated both with shrinkage and the corrosion of the concrete's steel reinforcement.

Chisel
Rock hammer
Electric hammer drill
Distilled water
Phenolphthalein solution (1 percent)
Safety mask
Goggles
Gloves

Instructions

- 1
  Chip off a small piece of the reinforced concrete. Do this with a chisel and a rock hammer. If you suspect the deterioration is deep within the concrete, drill a hole. Use an electric hammer drill for this.
- 2
  Wash the piece of concrete or hole with distilled water. This removes any dust that may skew the test results.
- 3
  Apply a phenolphthalein solution into the hole or the surface of the concrete piece. This measures the pH level to determine if carbonation is present. The solution is available from chemical supply companies.
- 4
  Follow the directions that come with the phenolphthalein solution to determine the pH level of the concrete sample. It may remain colorless, turn purplish pink or have a rainbow of colors to choose from that indicate the carbonation level. Generally, a pH of 11.5 or less indicates carbonation is evident. This means that even a small amount of moisture may result in deterioration.
- 5
  Test the concrete at a deeper level with the drill if carbonation is evident. This allows you to determine what type of repair may be necessary.

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