Wiggle the glass gently in the frame to see if it will come out the rest of the way. If one corner of the glass is coming free, there is a good chance that the rest will as well. If only one corner or side is loose, work with the glass still in the metal frame.
Pry out any old adhesive with a putty knife. This ensures a better seal between the metal and the glass.
Squirt a small amount of caulking adhesive into the metal frame where the glass sits. While you can do this with a tube of caulking adhesive, it is easier if you have the caulking adhesive mounted in a caulk gun.
Push the glass back into the metal frame and hold it there for a full minute to allow the adhesive to take hold.
Scrape any stray adhesive off the metal door using your putty knife and wipe up any residue with a damp sponge.
Allow the caulking adhesive to cure completely. The amount of time this takes is listed on the packaging. During this time, do not move the door or use the shower.