What Is the Function of the Solenoid on My Refrigerator?

Functions

• The solenoid valve is attached to the intake water supply and is responsible for regulating the flow of water into the refrigerator's ice maker. The solenoid operates with water pressure, and inadequate water pressure will prevent water from passing through the valve. Too much water pressure will cause excess water, which will freeze in the ice making chamber and dam up the interior. The dam and freezing puts strain on the solenoid, and it will cease to function correctly. A functioning solenoid allows only enough water to fill the ice trays until they have frozen and been emptied; more water then is let through to fill them again.

Troubleshooting and Causes

• Most broken solenoids are caused by exterior weather and improper weatherizing. The plumbing should be insulated or the water pipes need to be flushed and the water shut off to prevent freezing water from backing into the pipe and breaking the solenoid. The most common problem here is a leaking water valve, which creates a frozen water inlet tube. There is a constant supply of water inside the interior chamber of the ice maker that will freeze and deform the strainer cup on the inlet tube and even push the entire connection off. Visual cues will be icicles on the interior of the ice maker and crystals on the freezer plate.

Adjustments

• Solenoids are relatively inexpensive and easy to install. The water supply must be cut off and the entire freezer compartment defrosted before installation can take place. Before taking such a drastic measure it is a good idea to run a cycle to see if a simple adjustment is causing any problems. Make sure the ice maker shutoff arm is in the down or "On" position. Time the solenoid once it begins to operate. It should allow water in for 3.5 to 7.5 seconds. If it needs adjustment, turn the water fill screw on the side of the unit clockwise to decrease fill time and counterclockwise to increase fill time.

Maintenance

• Ice makers should be winterized and emptied to keep them in working order and prevent frozen dams. Turn off the water at the intake valve and push the ice maker arm into the up or "Off" position. Disconnect the water inlet hose that goes into the solenoid and the water supply line from the solenoid to the ice maker. Drain all the hoses and lines and cover the ends with plastic bags to prevent dirt and debris from making their way into the water supply. This can be done as a maintenance procedure a couple of times each year or where refrigeration is not used consistently, such as in vacation homes.