If you have a gas furnace, you probably use natural gas or propane. An oil furnace can use either traditional furnace oil or recycled oil products. With these furnaces, problems can occur with the fuel lines, which can clog, and the exhaust ports. Repairs to remove clogs and help clean soot and adjust burners can often solve problems with your system. Air conditioners and heat pumps do not use fuel, but they do have refrigerant, which can be tested for proper pressure levels and potential leaks.
The ignition system combusts the fuel to provide heat for your HVAC. There are several types of ignition systems, from the ubiquitous pilot light to the electric ignition now used in most modern gas stovetops. Ignition systems can become corroded over time or misaligned with burners. Pilot light flames can become weak or blocked. Repairs to the ignition system involve cleaning and adjusting components while replacing any corroded parts.
Heat transfer refers to how the heat actually moves between the HVAC system and the air. The coils and fins of evaporators and condensers do most of this work. However, evaporators are located outdoors and are subject to dust, debris and snow problems. Even the heat exchangers and condensers indoors can become covered with dust and stop working properly. This is one of the most common HVAC problems but also one of the easiest to fix: wiping down the metal fins and coils usually solves the problem.
Airflow is the final step in the HVAC cycle, where the air that has been cooled or heated is cycled throughout the ductwork so it can enter the house. The blower and fan assemblies are part of this stage. They can also become covered with dust or misaligned. Fan motors can burn out, and the ductwork may be subject to leaks or mounting issues. Repairs will clean the fan, replace motors and seal ductwork carefully to fix any problems.