Limestone is a metamorphic rock that consists mainly of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite, according to the Geology website. It forms as combination of shell, coral algae and fecal debris that solidifies in warm, shallow marine waters. Often, small amounts of quartz, pyrite, feldspar and other minerals are incorporated into the stone. Limestone has many different uses, but it also valued for its unique appearance as a countertop material because of the patterning in the surface that can frequently contain small fossils.
Limestone is a porous material that can absorb stains easily. Acidic substances such as vinegar, citrus juices and tomatoes can etch the surface of the limestone. Limestone must be sealed to protect it from these substances. Sealing compounds must be applied at least yearly to ensure that the surface is protected from everyday exposure to acidic substances. Regular maintenance of limestone countertops includes cleaning with a mild soap and hot water solution to remove dirt and grease. Though limestone is a very hard surface, it should be protected from impacts from pots, pans and other heavy objects that can cause holes or cracks in the surface.
Light staining can be removed with hydrogen peroxide applied as a poultice. Mix a small amount of the hydrogen peroxide with a small amount of flour into a thick paste. Appy to the stain on the countertop leave it on for 24 hours, according to writer Louise Jarvis at the ThisOldHouse website. This mixture will absorb the staining materials. The dried poultice is then gently scraped off the surface and the countertop is cleaned to remove any residue.
Limestone is a very hard material that can generally stand up to normal use as a countertop. Accidents can happen, however, and limestone can be chipped, cracked or acquire small holes from impacts. Limestone can be repaired with the use of epoxy materials available at stone retailer’s stores. The surface is then re-polished and re-sealed. Do-it-yourselfers can do the polishing and sealing of limestone countertops, or you can hire a professional stone contractor in your area. If necessary, a small matching chip can be found to fill in the hole or dent, which is then glued in with epoxy and re-finished to match the rest of the countertop.