Two-coat rubber cement derives its name from the way in which you use it. To bind two materials together with two-coat rubber cement, you apply two coats--one to each of the two materials. These two coats bind to one another and the materials to which you apply them, creating a network of bonds that hold materials in place. One-coat rubber cement, on the other hand, requires the application of a single coat. You can apply this coat to either one of the materials intended for binding.
Two-coat rubber cement contains more ingredients than one-coat rubber cement. Basically, two-coat consists of one-coat rubber cement with added ingredients. Thus, technically speaking, two-coat rubber cement constitutes a diluted form of one-coat rubber cement. Because of this, two-coat forms a weaker bond, requiring application to both materials involved in a binding operation. However, two-coat rubber cement is easier to remove than one-coat and less likely to damage materials with the strength of its bond.
Two-coat rubber cement possesses the potential for numerous safety hazards. The material is highly flammable and emits toxic fumes when on fire. Fumes emitted by two-coat rubber cement may cause small explosions if exposed to extreme heat. Fumes in high concentrations irritate the eyes and respiratory system. Two-coat rubber cement may irritate skin and cement eyelids shut if accidentally applied to the eyes. Always use any type of rubber cement in well-ventilated areas, with gloves and safety glasses if possible.
You can make your own two-coat rubber cement from one-coat rubber cement, though this should only be attempted if you are experienced with material mixing and safety. Two-coat rubber cement basically comprises three parts one-coat rubber cement and one part paint thinner. These are both highly volatile materials; do not handle them in unstable conditions, such as near a heat source or in an unventilated area.