Inspect your sump pump drain basin by visually looking at it. Specifically, check your float if it has one. Also, remove the lid to your sump pump's pit to make sure there is no trash, sand or mud buildup inside.
Walk outside the area where your sump pump is installed and check your outflow drainage pipe to make sure there are no clogs. Run a standard plumbing snake through the outflow pipe if there is a clog or if you just want to ensure that there isn't one.
Inspect your pump's power cord. Make sure it is not nicked or otherwise damaged. Plug it in. Make sure the power supply is also working adequately.
Pour approximately 3 to 4 gallons of lukewarm water into the sump pump basin and allow the sump pump to activate. Watch to make sure the pump is able to pump out the water. Walk outside again and make sure the water is flowing freely through the outflow pump.