Buried lines, cables or pipes can lead to sinking asphalt. Buried lines and cables are encased in metal or concrete sleeves, and if one of these breaks, it can cause the ground to cave in. A broken sewer pipe can also have the same effect. You can call your local utility companies and they will come out and identify any buried lines or pipes on your property. If one is running directly under your sinking asphalt, this most likely is your cause.
Soft soil will not provide enough support for the asphalt and can be the cause of sinking. Before any gravel is laid down as a base, the soil needs to be compacted so there is a hard, solid surface to work with. Also, the two layers of gravel need to be compacted as well. If the dirt and gravel is not compacted, it may settle unevenly and cause sinking issues.
Without proper drainage around the asphalt, the soil underneath the paved asphalt can erode. Any downspouts should be directed away from the paved area. Also, cracks in the asphalt should be sealed because water that flows through the asphalt and gravel base can erode the dirt.
It is important to seal coat asphalt every two to four years to keep a thin layer of seal coating over the entire asphalt surface. The seal coat will give the asphalt a surface that cannot be penetrated by water. This will prevent water from freezing in small cracks in the asphalt and forming larger cracks over time, and will keep water from flowing under the asphalt.