Simply put, the answer to the question of whether or not trapped attic moisture contributes to bowed ceilings is yes, it does. In winter, when warm moist air leaking up from rooms below comes into contact with the cold attic air, it condenses on the roof sheathing and rafters, forming frost. When the frost melts in warmer weather, water droplets form and eventually seep into the attic floorboards and the ceiling below. Over time, this contributes to excess weight that gradually sends the ceiling dipping downward.
Before any ceiling repairs can take place, the root of the issue needs to be taken care of, and that means laying insulation in the attic and properly sealing off attic space. Climb up into your attic, and measure the length and width of the attic space to roughly determine how much insulation you need; then purchase the quantity you need at a home improvement or hardware store. You also need safety gear -- goggles, gloves and a dust mask are advised. You simply roll out the roll of insulation, and cut it to size.
In some cases, the very makeup of the ductwork contributes to gathering moisture droplets that seep into the boards. This is never more evident than in ridged ductwork that forms little pockets for moisture to gather in and later fall. If this is the case in your home, measure out the length and diameter that you need, and purchase smooth-surfaced ductwork at a home improvement or hardware store. Usually the piping comes with instructions on cutting and installation.
If the dip is severe, don’t risk the do-it-yourself route; call a contractor. Not only can he assess the degree of damage and the overall condition of your attic, but he also can ascertain whether mold -- a serious health concern for some individuals -- has begun to grow as a result of damp conditions.