Bolts are fasteners that have heads as well as external threads suitable for non-tapered nuts. They need a nut as a counter to lock the joint.
Screws are also fasteners that have heads and are externally threaded. However, they do not meet the standard specifications of bolts as they do not need a nut as a counter to lock the joint.
Bolts tend to be used as fasteners placed through pre-drilled holes in machine parts. Since screws don't need nuts to tighten them in place, they tend to be used in household projects, such as securing a picture frame to a wall.