Clean the surface of the vase to remove any dirt and grease. The mosaic pieces will adhere best to a clean, dry surface.
Determine the layout of the mosaic pieces. You can form a design, create a random pattern, or even form neat rows.
Apply mosaic adhesive to the surface of the vase using a small paintbrush. Only apply adhesive to the small area you are currently working in to prevent the adhesive from drying. Mosaic adhesive dries clear, and is therefore great to use on glass vases. If the adhesive color does not matter, you can use a hot glue gun or a strong-bond craft glue.
Press the mosaic pieces onto the adhesive. Leave a uniform gap, about 1/8-inch wide, between the tiles.
Allow the adhesive to dry for the amount of time indicated in the adhesive instructions.
Spread grout over the entire surface of the mosaic pieces using a spatula or plastic putty knife, pressing the grout into the spaces between the mosaic pieces. Use the edge of the spatula or putty knife to scrape as much excess grout off the mosaic pieces as possible.
Allow the grout to set according to package directions, usually overnight.
Clean the remaining excess grout off the mosaic pieces with a damp rag. Buff with the rag to remove all grout reside.