Types of Low Voltage Lighting

Transformer

• All low-voltage lighting systems need a transformer, a device which reduces the 110-volt household current to 12 volts. Transformers may be magnetic or electronic. Magnetic transformers are used for larger circuits and lights that can be dimmed (reduced in lighting output) using dimmer devices. Electronic transformers are smaller, lighter and include such features as regulation of voltage output. They are particularly useful in indoor track lighting and outdoor walkway lights.

Outdoor Safety

• Low-voltage lights are best for outdoor use because they are safer. They will not create a serious shock if accidentally touched by children, pets or others. Low-voltage wires can be installed in shallow trenches, buried deeper underground or run through conduit. Systems must be grounded for safety and low-voltage cables installed without conduit must be flexible and moisture resistant. Many can be installed by homeowners, but always check installation instructions and local electrical regulations.

Versatility

• Low-voltage systems are versatile. Many types of fixtures and bulbs are available. Low-voltage lights can be used to illuminate steps and paths, highlight trees or yard elements or to provide security in dark areas. Bulbs can be used to focus intense light in a small area or spread light over a larger section. Many outdoor low-voltage systems have sensors which automatically turn them on at night or anytime the light diminishes, like during a heavy thunderstorm.

Halogen Bulbs

• Many low-voltage systems use halogen bulbs, which burn with high intensity light for their size. Halogen bulbs also are long lasting, reducing maintenance. Spotlight or floodlight bulbs can focus light on a specific tree or object or spread light over a garden or other big area. Some exterior low-voltage fixtures are on spikes which stick in the ground and are easily moved.

Recessed or Track Lights

• Interior low-voltage fixtures may use recessed cans in a ceiling or tracks mounted on a wall or ceiling, with lamp holders that can be adjusted to change the direction of the light. Many special task lights, like desk lamps, are low voltage, providing intense light in small area with less electricity. Half a dozen recessed low-voltage ceiling fixtures can illuminate a room as effectively as conventional lamps.