A regular-size double bed measures in at 54 inches wide and 75 inches long. A full extra-long mattress is the same width but is 80 inches long. Full/double and twin mattresses are the only types that come in regular and extra-long sizes. The mattress thickness varies, but most mattresses in all sizes usually range from 5 to more than 20 inches thick.
A double bed is larger than a twin size, but whether or not it is comfortable for two people can vary. A double is not twice the size of a twin, as its 54-inch length compares to a twin's 39-inch length. So, a double bed provides less space for one person than a twin if you split it between two people.
Whether or not a bed has enough room depends entirely on the exact sizes of the people who are sharing it. A double bed might be the most comfortable for a single adult and preferred over a twin size. It can also be a good size bed for a children's room if two kids need to share one bed.
A queen-size mattress, by comparison, measures 60 inches wide, while a king-size measures 76 inches. Both these mattresses normally measure 80 inches long, but a king can also come in a "California/Western" size that is 84 inches long. These sizes may be better for adult couples; the Better Sleep Council actually recommends a king-size mattress for two adults.