Different Carpet Backings

Primary

• Synthetic latex is typically the primary backing for carpets, according to the Carpet and Rug Institute. Latex acts to keep the tufted carpeting (loops or cut pile tufts) adhered together, acting as a foundation or glue. This ensures the carpet will lay firmly against your floor or carpet padding during installation. Polypropylene is another type of primary backing used. Some carpets are affixed with an additional backing in addition to the primary one.

Secondary

• Secondary backings can be made from polymers -- like polypropylene -- as well as jute, latex unitary, vinyl, urethane, woven-backed and padding materials. Polymers are a form of plastic that lends itself to the durability needed for high-performance carpets. Carpets put down in areas where protection against bacteria is important, like a hospital, sometimes include anti-microbial treatments in the secondary backing. Some secondary backings simply use a jute, woven or pad backing in order to provide a bit more support, but without any extra protections.

Adhesives

• Adhesives are used to bond the primary backing to the secondary backing on carpeting. Latex and rubber adhesives are often used for this purpose, due to their durability and ability to withstand carpet cleanings with steam or water. Adhesives can be made from natural or man-made products. They can be fast-drying, easy to spread and nonflammable. Some adhesives are even completely biodegradable.

Considerations

• Carpet backings, and the adhesive used to adhere them to the carpet tufts themselves, will vary from manufacturer to manufacturer as well as in specific carpeting products. While carpet backings are typically applied in a similar manner -- they are set with heat as the carpeting is sent through a roller-type machine -- each manufacturer will vary in quantity and type of adhesive and backing materials used.