Read the packaging that came with the mug; most commercial manufacturers indicate whether their products are microwave or dishwasher safe using a logo with wavy lines. The words "microwave safe" are sometimes printed on the underside of some mugs.
Most commercially-produced ceramic mugs are safe for use in a microwave oven. Hand-made ceramics may contain more pores in the glaze in which moisture can gather and cause a crack during heating. The type of glaze used on the mug also determines its suitability for microwave use; glazes that contain lead, lithium or barium are not suitable for microwaving.
Examine the mug for cracks or chips in the glaze. Cracked ceramics may be more susceptible to damage from microwave heating compared to those that are new or free of cracks and chips. Do not microwave the mug if you see hairline cracks or small chips in the glaze.
Don't put the mug in the microwave if you are worried about damaging the clay or the glaze. Put the liquid in a container you know is safe for microwave use, heat it up and put it back into the mug afterwards.