Batteries can corrode over time and leak material in the remote control for the ceiling fan that can affect operation of the remote control. Replace any old or corroded batteries and ensure the battery compartment is clean of any corroded material.
Many remote-controlled ceiling fans contain a dipswitch set; one dipswitch operates with the fan and the other operates with the remote-control device. These dipswitch sets, or sets of on and off switches used to configure electronic devices, must be adjusted to the same setting for the remote to control the fan. If the remote control fails to work, check the dipswitches to ensure both are switched to the same channel.
Remote controls work via an infrared signal, which sends pulses of infrared light to a device. A weak infrared signal may fail to operate the remote-controlled ceiling fan. Ensure the remote is properly oriented toward the fan and that no obstructions between the fan and remote may be blocking the signal.