The Effects of Fresh Cow Manure on Soil Properties

Soil Nutrients

• A ton of fresh cow manure adds approximately 15 lbs. of fresh nitrogen, 5 lbs. of phosphorus and 10 lbs. of potassium to the soil. These three nutrients are the core of most fertilizer programs. The nitrogen in manure releases over time, with about half available during the year of application and smaller amounts in the following year. For this reason, manure application rates are often decreased from year to year rather than remaining steady or increasing. Work the manure into the soil to prevent the loss of nitrogen from the manure. Note that the nitrogen in manure is in the form of ammonia, which can have an adverse effect on seed germination.

Soil Acidity

• Manure reduces soil acidity. If soil acidity is a concern, applications of manure are more beneficial than inorganic or chemical fertilizers. However, manure increases the soil's salt content, which can be a problem in dry conditions.

Bacterial Action

• Manure contains bacteria that continue to survive when incorporated into the soil. The bacterial action aids in breaking down plant residue, increasing soil structure. This loosens heavy clay-type soils and binds together lighter, sandy soils. In both cases, the soil's ability to hold water is increased.

Manure Quality

• The chemical makeup of manure can vary, depending on the feed rations of the cattle. Also, sunshine and rain exposure decrease the nitrogen content of the manure.