Why Are Black Chernozem Soils Very Fertile?

Soil Horizons

• Soil is classified by the Food and Agriculture Organization according to where it is found on the earth's surface. All soils evolve as layers, called horizons, on top of each other. The word chernozem is taken from Russian words that mean "black earth."

Distribution

• Black chernozem soil forms just beneath the earth's surface. It is found in North American prairies, the steppes of Russia, and in the pampas of South America, in areas used primarily for raising livestock and growing grains.

Soil Composition

• Chernozem soil remains fertile for long periods of time, as surface rainwater evaporates quickly, minimizing leaching of nutrients.