Weigh the tray you will use to dry the soil in.
Place the soil in the tray and weigh it. Subtract the weight of the tray to get the wet weight of the soil.
Dry the soil in the oven without taking it out of the pan. Set the oven to low and leave it in overnight.
Place the tray with the soil on the scale and record the weight. Subtract the weight of the tray to get the dry weight of the soil.
Subtract the dry weight of the soil from the wet weight to get the weight of the water in the soil.
Divide the weight of the water by the wet weight of the soil and multiply by 100 to get the percentage of water in your soil.