Advantages & Disadvantages of Synthetic Fertilizers

Accurate Labeling

• One advantage of purchasing synthesized fertilizers is knowing what is in the fertilizer. Labels accurately list how much of each nutrient the fertilizer provides. A 16-4-8 fertilizer is 16 percent nitrogen, 4 percent phosphorus and 8 percent potassium. Besides listing these primary nutrients, the label notes the amount of secondary and micronutrients in the fertilizer. Additionally, synthesized fertilizer labels indicate whether the fertilizer is water-soluble and time-released and how the nutrients are derived.

Instant Gratification

• Synthesized fertilizers usually bypass the natural cycles that convert elements into plant-ready nutrients, and the nutrients are ready for the plants to take up after application. Even slow- or time-release fertilizers provide a certain amount of nutrients immediately. Slow- and time-release fertilizers release nutrients into the soil over time, leaving you with fewer garden chores on the calendar.

Variety

• Different plants have different nutrient needs. Many ornamental plants and herbs require more nitrogen for foliage production, while your vegetable garden needs a more balanced fertilizer. Synthesized fertilizers are available in a wide variety of formulas catering to the diversity of your garden.

Effects on Soil Microorganisms

• Soil contains a wide variety of microorganisms. These microorganisms work with their surrounding elements to create a hospitable environment for your plants, including turning nitrogen from the air into plant-usable nitrogen. A study published in the "Polish Journal of Environmental Studies" found that applications of high-nitrogen fertilizers decreased the population of these beneficial microorganisms and increased the occurrence of carcinogens in the soil.

Environmental Concerns

• Improperly applied synthesized fertilizers can leach through the soil into groundwater or enter waterways because of runoff. These waterways feed the reservoirs that supply drinking water to an area. Additionally, the excess nutrients in the waterways encourage rapid algae growth, causing an algal bloom. Algal blooms deplete the water of oxygen, suffocating aquatic life.