If you live in a region with very cold winters and hot summers, then your yard most likely needs a cool-season grass. Such grass thrives when air temperatures are 65 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. An example is Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture zones 3 through 9. Sow cool-season grass seeds in late summer to early fall or in early spring.
Warm-season grasses thrive when air temperatures are 75 to 90 F. Many warm-season lawn grasses, including zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica), hardy in USDA zones 5 through 10, must be started vegetatively, such as from sprigs or sod. Those that grow from seeds include common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), hardy in USDA zones 7 through 10, and their seeds germinate best when sown in spring, no later than mid-May.
The problem with warm-season grasses is that they go dormant and turn brown in winter. Many homeowners can’t stand the thought of a dead-looking front yard so overseed their warm-season lawn with cool-season grasses. Just as the warm-season grass goes dormant, the cool-season grass seeds germinate. Then the cool-season grasses die back when the weather warms. The best time to overseed the lawn is in fall.
Whether you sow cool-season grasses or warm-season grasses, or overseed your lawn, a starter fertilizer applied when you sow the seeds will get them off to a healthy start. You will water the seedlings quite often, which will leach fertilizer from the soil. So fertilize again within three to four weeks. Seeds require a fertilizer high in phosphorous, which is represented by the middle number in a fertilizer's analysis or ratio. An example of a starter fertilizer is 10-20-10. When using that fertilizer, apply 10 pounds of it per 1,000 square feet before sowing the grass seeds. Use a nitrogen fertilizer, such as ammonium sulfate – 21-0-0 -- for the second fertilizer application, at the rate of ½ pound per 1,000 square feet.