How Do Solar Powered Garden Lights Work?

Photovoltaics

• Photovoltaic cells on top of the lights are made of semi-conducting wafers, usually silicon, that are treated to have a difference in charge from front to back. When sunlight strikes the cell's surface, the photons in solar energy are absorbed, causing electrons to jump from one side of the cell to the other. The light is connected to each side of the cell, completing the circuit. This movement of electrons creates an electric current. The resulting electricity can be used immediately or stored in a battery for later use.

Battery and Charge Controller

• To save solar energy for use at night, a battery is needed to store solar generated electricity in the form of chemical energy. Typically, batteries are either integrated into the light and not replaceable or they are replaceable nickel-cadmium or lithium-ion rechargeable AA batteries.

  A small charge controller within the unit works automatically to regulate the charge and operation of solar lights. The charge controller releases electricity to illuminate the light and prevents the battery from overcharging during the day which can shorten battery life.

Improve Solar Light Performance

• To get the most out of solar garden lights, make sure they are in a location that gets full sun. Also, dirt can accumulate on the solar panels, making them less efficient and preventing the battery from fully charging. This can reduce the length of time a light will stay illuminated and it can also reduce battery life. Periodic cleaning with a damp cloth is recommended. Solar garden lights with removable batteries need new batteries every year or two for best performance.