Sprinkler systems take water from a main line and pass it through a vacuum breaker to prevent back-flow into the drinking water supply. Water is then passed to a series of electronic control valves in a manifold, which are controlled by a timer. The timer tells the valves when to release water to specific zones, which cover different parts of your lawn.
Sprinkler systems can be installed above ground or underground. For most residential applications, sprinklers are installed underground. This helps create a finished appearance. Some commercial and agricultural applications prefer above-ground sprinklers that are easy to access and maintain.
PVC, an injection-molded plastic, is the most common material found in sprinkler systems. PVC is strong, durable and water resistant. It's also relatively inexpensive, with pipes and fittings usually costing only a few dollars each. Most home improvement stores carry a wide selection of PVC.