Buy plants or roots at the nursery (horseradish is rarely, if ever, grown from seed) for planting after the last frost in spring.
Choose a site for location rather than growing conditions - a spot far removed from any other plants you care about. Left to its own devices, horseradish will stampede through your garden faster than you can say "Hi-ho, Silver!" But it will grow in any circumstances except deep shade or constant wetness.
Ensure the straightest, plumpest roots by tilling the soil to at least 12 inches, amending it with plenty of compost and removing all rocks and other obstructions.
Set plants or roots 9 to 18 inches apart, with the crown (the top of the root and the start of the top growth) about 4 inches below the soil surface, and water thoroughly.
Mulch to retain moisture and discourage weeds if you want to, but it's not necessary - horseradish thrives on neglect.
Dig horseradish roots anytime from midsummer on, but for best flavor wait until after the first frosts.