Lawn Fertilizer Basics

Fertilizers

• Fertilizers contain a mixture of nutrients, most prominently nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which help grass grow and provide the nutrients they need. Other important nutrients include iron and magnesium. Perform an annual soil test to determine if any nutrients have been depleted to help you choose the fertilizer with the most beneficial mixture of nutrients. Choose a fertilizer that meets the individual needs of the lawn for the best results and the healthiest soil.

Time Frame

• Applying fertilizer at the right time of year is important for the health of the grass. Spring and fall are the best times to put down fertilizer. Early spring fertilizers are best for warm-season grasses, and a larger application of fertilizer in late summer or early fall is best for cool-season grasses. Cool-season grasses include fescue, while warm-season grasses include Bermuda grass. Apply fertilizer in both spring and autumn for the best results.

Fertilizer Types

• The kind of fertilizer affects the health of the lawn. Slow-release fertilizers contain nitrogen that is released into the yard over a longer period of time, which is most beneficial for lawns without a nitrogen deficiency because it prevents a buildup of chemicals. Quick-release nitrogen is good for lawns that lack nitrogen, because this type of fertilizer supplies the lawn with the nutrients it needs right away, enabling the grass to continue growing.

Considerations

• Applying too much fertilizer can cause fertilizer burn, which causes grass to turn brown and can be fatal to it. Fertilizer burn is caused by a buildup of chemicals from fertilizer, especially salt, which dehydrate the grass and prevent it from taking in enough water. Only apply fertilizer if the grass needs it and if the soil is moist enough to help dissipate the chemicals without leaving them atop the grass.