Wait a month for the overfertilized grass to die. By the time the dead grass is brown and brittle, the excess fertilizer should be washed away, making the area safe to plant again.
With the head of a thatching rake, scrub the areas where there is dead grass to remove the grass and loosen the soil for new seed.
Push an aerator across the bare spots in your lawn. Push the aerator across those areas several times in several different directions to open the soil and give the seed a place to take root.
Spread good quality grass seed over the bare spots.
Rip apart a bale of straw. Spread the loose straw over the newly seeded areas to cover them completely, protecting them from birds, animals and the sun.
Give the grass eight weeks to take root, then remove the straw with a lawn rake. Put the old straw in your compost pile. Add more grass seed to thin spots.