Seeding your lawn after the first frost may kill the young plants over the winter, according to Colorado State University research. Waiting until the spring before you seed your lawn gives your plants the best start.
This Old House magazine suggests fall is the best time to sow new grass seed. In the fall, the soil is warm but the daytime temperatures are not hot enough to kill the grass, and extensive watering is not necessary. If you sow the grass seed in late August through October, the new grass has plenty of time to thicken so it's strong enough to survive frost.
Do not walk on the grass when it has a layer of frost on it. The frost combined with weight may damage the grass, which becomes evident in the spring when your lawn comes back.