Some of the many forms of algae live in marine conditions, and others can grow aerially. Composed of a diverse group of organisms, algae need light and nutrients in order to grow or photosynthesize. Aerial algae are most commonly found on fences and are classified into four types: epiphyllophytes, epiphloephytes, epizoophytes and lithophytes. They also grow on tree trunks, walls, rocks and some animals.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an inorganic, odorless chemical that serves many purposes, including as a disinfectant and antiseptic. It is a strong oxidizing agent; when hydrogen peroxide contacts living microorganisms, such as algae, it breaks open and kills their cells. It often is used as an active ingredient in algaecides because it does not harm surfaces such as wood, vinyl and metal.
Hydrogen peroxide should be diluted with water before being sprayed on any fence with algae. In order to produce the best results, combine one part hydrogen peroxide with two parts filtered water. Hydrogen peroxide is reactive and will kill algae after contact. After you apply a hydrogen peroxide-water solution to the fence, use water and a scrub brush to clean the algae from the fence.
Other options for removing algae from fences and other hard surfaces include using a pressure washer and improving drainage. If you prefer to use a chemical-based option, then look for a product that contains acetic acid, ammonium or copper sulfate. Read the label of a product carefully before using the product because application guidelines vary.