Harvest the cantaloupe when it's ripe. It must be mature enough for eating so the embryo inside its seed is fully developed.
Cut the cantaloupe open in half at the center, as you do when you are planning to eat it.
Fill a bowl with water and scrape the seeds off the cantaloupe into it with a spoon.
Scrape the pulp off the seeds in the water with your fingers and nails, but take care not to crack or scratch the seeds. It's all right if some pulp remains clinging to them.
Remove and discard all cantaloupe seeds that float to the top. They move up to the surface because they're hollow and unable to reproduce.
Rinse the seeds you retained in clean water.
Place the seeds on an elevated wire rack or plastic mesh to dry. Air should be able to circulate under them. Don't use a solid tray or plate, or place the screen on a counter. Sow or store your seeds after they dry.