Clean the cast aluminum chairs with trisodium phosphate (TSP) mixed in warm water in a clean bucket. Mix as directed on the TSP container.
Sponge the TSP solution on the chairs and scrub briskly with a steel-bristle brush to remove loose bits of paint, grease and dirt.
Rinse the chairs with a water hose and let them dry completely.
Sand the surface of the cast aluminum chairs with 30-grit metal sandpaper. This is a very coarse grit, and it will remove the surface sheen of the old paint, but it will not damage the aluminum.
Continue sanding all the chair surfaces until the former paint is gone, or until it has dull appearance. Now, you're ready to prime your chairs with exterior primer made for metal surfaces. Then add two or more coats of exterior enamel made for metal.