# Biology of Orchid Bees
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Habitat
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Fern roots provide a secluded nesting place for orchid bees. Orchid bee nests are lined with resin collected by the females: Resin is also used by some species to seal up the nest entrance at night. Generally, orchid bees choose nest locations hidden from view; such as fern roots, bamboo stems, the underside of palm leaves, house roofs, wood cavities and hollows in the ground. The nests, often shared by groups of bees, can last for several years and may be used by several generations of orchid bees.
Characteristics
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Some orchid bees have the yellow and black coloring characteristic of bumble bees. The average orchid bee measures between .03 and 1.2 inches. Some species have tongues twice as long as their bodies, which allow them to access nectar in tropical flowers. Orchid bees are known for their vibrant, bright colors, including red, gold, purple, blue and green. Some species of orchid bees bear a resemblance to bumble bees and feature black bodies with yellow or white hairs.
Behavior
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Orchid bees rely on nectar for energy. Strong and fast fliers, orchid bees can travel significant distances when searching for flowers; some have been known to cover distances of up to 31 miles. Male orchid bees are more attracted to orchids than female bees are. They collect fragrant oils from orchids and store them in receptacles located on their hind legs. In terms of scientific study, male bees are easier to observe, because they can be attracted to man-made fragrances. Most orchid bee species are solitary and do not exhibit eusocial behavior where the female produces the offspring and the non-reproductive members participate in caring for the young.
Ecologoical Importance of Orchid Bees
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Because of their foraging behavior, orchid bees play an important role in the pollination of many species of tropical plants. Tropical plants do not grow in groups or clusters, and individual plants belonging to the same species may be located miles apart from each other. Orchid bees that forage on several plants in different locations increase cross pollination. As part of their pollinating behavior -- orchid bees engage in trap-lining -- the foraging of specific plants along a set route.
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