How to Design a Fire Pit Plan

Select a site in the landscape away from trees and structures. It is necessary to keep open flames away from buildings and brush that can ignite from wayward embers or fiery sparks. The Iowa City Fire Department recommends keeping a portable fire pit at least 15 feet away from any combustible structure, and the safety distance increases to 25 feet for permanent pits and outdoor fireplaces.

Create a floor plan. Measure the potential site to ensure that the design includes enough room for the fire pit and provides adequate safety clearances. Drawing out a plan that includes buildings, trees and fences can help to visualize the placement of the fire pit within the boundaries of your property and to position the fire pit a safe distance from structures.

Decide between a stationary structure and a portable model. Depending on your landscape, budget and building skills, the location of the fire pit may predetermine the type of fire pit that is right for your yard. A permanent fire pit requires a dedicated space in the landscape, and can create a focal point or destination point in the yard. A small portable model offers more flexibility, allowing the space to multitask as patio area during the day and then transform into a warm and illuminated retreat as evening approaches.

Design with fireproof materials. Whether below or above ground level, line the perimeter of a permanent fire pit with rock, steel or concrete paving stones. Avoid using river rocks, which potentially absorb and trap moisture that can explode when subjected to high heat. Spread a layer of gravel around the fire pit, or add a patio of paving stones under a portable fire pit, to protect the surrounding area from escaping embers.

Include a seating area in your design. A comfortable and inviting fire pit has ample seating for guests to sit and relax. Concrete and stone benches add a strong design element, while portable chairs and benches make it easier for your guests to move closer to or away from the fire.

Consider natural gas. Though a wood-burning fire pit invokes images of campfires, many municipalities restrict the open burning of wood fires. Fire pits fueled by natural gas are as easy to light as a gas grill and do not put out as much smoke as a wood burning fire. Added design options include covering the gas burner with layers of decorative pebbles or tumbled bits of tempered colored glass.