Pull the futon out of its frame and lay it flat on the floor.
Measure the length and width in inches with a tape measure. Round the measurements to the closest standard size, unless you know your futon is a custom-sized one.
Lay a yardstick flat on the surface of the futon so it extends over the edge a few inches. Don't press down. Measure from the floor to the underside of the yardstick. If the actual measurement is about 7 to 9 1/2 inches, a cover with a 6-inch loft should fit. If it's smaller than that, choose a cover with a 4-inch loft. If it measures over 9 1/2 inches, you may need a cover with a custom loft.