Futons frames are typically sized to hold either full-sized or queen-sized mattresses, although they are also available in twin and king sizes. Purchase the mattress size that corresponds with your futon frame, or if you're unsure of your frame's size, measure it before purchasing a mattress. Twin mattresses are 39 by 75 inches; full mattresses are 54 by 75 inches; queen mattresses are 60 by 80 inches; king mattresses are 78 by 80 inches.
Futon mattress thickness varies from model to model. For comfort, purchase the thickest mattress you can afford, but that flexes easily when you fold your futon into the couch position. Those who sleep on futons often find a 4-inch mattress too thin for optimum comfort. However, 6-inch and 8-inch models are readily available and offer more padding and support, and some futon mattresses are even thicker.
Another reason it's important to know the size of your futon mattress is so you can purchase the correct cover for it. Futon mattress covers serve two purposes. First, they help keep it clean and protect your mattress from rips, tears and wear. Second, they add color and style to your futon's overall appearance, which helps it look more like a couch than a mattress when it is folded up into the sitting position. Futon mattress covers are sold in sizes such as full, queen and king. Before purchasing a cover, check that it is large enough to fit the thickness of your mattress as well.
Standard bedding will fit your futon mattress. Simply purchase the bedding size that corresponds to your mattress size. However, know that in order to be flexible, most futon mattresses are not as thick as regular bed mattresses. Therefore, "deep pocket" fitted sheets designed to fit thick mattresses are most likely too big for your futon mattress.