Sand the butcher block table using an orbital sander loaded with 150- to 180-grit sandpaper. Keep the sander moving smoothly over the table. Stopping at one location will result in an uneven sanding job.
Change sandpaper and sand again with 220-grit sandpaper. Move sander in the direction of the grain of the wood.
Smooth the table by sanding with 320-grit sandpaper. The fine grit of the 320 sandpaper will lay down the fibers and leave the table ready for staining, if desired.
Stain with a penetrating transparent stain or a semi-transparent stain. Use a brush to apply stain, applying the stain with the grain of the wood. Allow the stain to dry according to manufacturer's directions.
Rub the table with tung oil applied with a soft cloth. Wait five to 10 minutes and then wipe with a dry cloth to remove excess tung oil. Allow to dry according to manufacturer's instructions.
Rough up the finish on the table using #0000 steel wool. Wipe the table free of sanding dust. Apply another coat of tung oil, following instructions in previous step. Repeat Steps 5 and 6 until you have seven coats of tung oil on the table.