What Were the Finishes for Mahogany in the 18th Century?

Shellac

• Technology and manufacturing has evolved since the 18th century, creating new materials and techniques when it comes to finishing or refinishing mahogany and other hardwoods. One finish that was used in the 18th century was shellac. Shellac is a natural resin that is produced by the Iac beetle and provides a hardened covering. The resin is processed into a formula that is used to cover mahogany, and resist scratching and water damage, especially in chairs and tables. Shellac also comes in a variety of finishes, including amber, orange, garnet, blonde and clear.

Varnish

• Varnish also was used in the 18th century as a way to enhance and protect mahogany wood. Varnish is a finish that is derived from a variety of ingredients, including vegetable, tung, linseed, walnut and soybean oils, along with turpentine. Some varnish materials often are combined with mineral spirits to reach a stain level that penetrates the wood, and enhances wood grain and texture. Varnishes are slow-drying and often require several coats to reach a darkened color.

Lacquer

• Another popular finish for mahogany in the 18th century was lacquer. Lacquer is similar to varnish except that it dries quickly and is not oil-based. Lacquer contains resins and solvents that can cause allergic reactions, and irritation to the skin and eyes. Lacquer also cracks, bubbles and darkens with age. One benefit to a lacquer finish is that it can be polished to reach a mirror-like smoothness that is attractive on large mantels and hardwood floors.

Wax

• Wax was a common finish for mahogany in the 18th century. Beeswax was used as a way to buff and polish an otherwise dull piece of mahogany. In some cases wax was mixed with turpentine to create a smooth application. A dust mixture made up of brick dust and cork helped wax to buff out rough spots in the wood, ultimately creating a smooth, flawless finish.